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vyos-documentation/docs/install.rst
currite 3b4f301f4f PXE install: restore clarifying details 
PXE documentation was modified and improved,
but at the same time some clarifying details,
which make reading easier, were deleted,
so now those are being restored.
2020-03-13 21:57:05 +01:00

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.. _installation:
############
Installation
############
Requirements
============
The recommended system requirements are 512 MiB RAM and 2 GiB storage.
Depending on your use you might need additional RAM and CPU resources e.g.
when having multiple BGP full tables in your system.
Download
========
Registered Subscribers
----------------------
Registered subscribers can log into https://support.vyos.io/ to have access to
a variety of different downloads via the "Downloads" link. These downloads
include LTS (Long-Term-Support) and associated hot-fix releases, early public
access releases, pre-built VM images, as well as device specific installation
ISOs.
.. figure:: /_static/images/vyos-downloads.png
Building from source
----------------------
Non-subscribers can always get the LTS release by building it from source.
Instruction can be found in the :ref:`build` section of this manual. VyOS
source code repository is available for everyone at
https://github.com/vyos/vyos-build.
Rolling Release
---------------
Everyone can download bleeding-edge VyOS rolling images from:
https://downloads.vyos.io/
.. note:: Rolling releases contain all the latest enhancements and fixes. This
means that there will be new bugs of course. If you think you hit a bug
please follow the guide at :ref:`bug_report`. To improve VyOS we depend on
your feedback!
The following link will always fetch the most recent VyOS build for AMD64
systems from the current branch:
https://downloads.vyos.io/rolling/current/amd64/vyos-rolling-latest.iso
Download Verification
---------------------
This subsection and the following one applies to downloaded LTS images, for
other versions please jump to :ref:`Install`.
LTS images are signed by VyOS lead package-maintainer private key. With the
official public key, the authenticity of the package can be verified.
:abbr:`GPG (GNU Privacy Guard)` is used for verification.
First, install GPG or another OpenPGP implementation. On most GNU+Linux
distributions it is installed by default as package managers use it to verify
package signatures. If not pre-installed, it will need to be downloaded and
installed.
The official VyOS public key can be retrieved in a number of ways. Skip to
:ref:`gpg-verification` if the key is already present.
It can also be retrieved directly from a key server:
``gpg --recv-keys FD220285A0FE6D7E``
Or it can be accessed from a key server via a web browser:
https://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xFD220285A0FE6D7E
Or from the following block:
.. code-block:: none
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.12 (GNU/Linux)
mQINBFXKsiIBEACyid9PR/v56pSRG8VgQyRwvzoI7rLErZ8BCQA2WFxA6+zNy+6G
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k9difHf74VkZm29Cy9M3zPckOZpsGiBl8YQsf+RXSBMDVYRKZ1BNNLDofm4ZGijK
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=Ld8S
-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
Store the key in a new text file and import it into GPG via: ``gpg --import
file_with_the_public_key``
The import can be verified with:
.. code-block:: none
$ gpg --list-keys
...
pub rsa4096 2015-08-12 [SC]
0694A9230F5139BF834BA458FD220285A0FE6D7E
uid [ unknown] VyOS Maintainers (VyOS Release) <maintainers@vyos.net>
sub rsa4096 2015-08-12 [E]
.. _gpg-verification:
GPG
---
With the public key imported, the signature for the desired image needs to be
downloaded.
.. note:: The signature can be downloaded by appending `.asc` to the URL of the
downloaded VyOS image. That small *.asc* file is the signature for the
associated image.
Finally, verify the authenticity of the downloaded image:
.. code-block:: none
$ gpg2 --verify vyos-1.2.1-amd64.iso.asc vyos-1.2.1-amd64.iso
gpg: Signature made So 14 Apr 12:58:07 2019 CEST
gpg: using RSA key FD220285A0FE6D7E
gpg: Good signature from "VyOS Maintainers (VyOS Release) <maintainers@vyos.net>" [unknown]
Primary key fingerprint: 0694 A923 0F51 39BF 834B A458 FD22 0285 A0FE 6D7E
.. _Install:
Installation
============
VyOS ISO is a live CD and will boot into a full functional VyOS system.
.. hint:: The default username and password for the live system is ``vyos``.
.. code-block:: none
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
vyos@vyos:~$
Unlike general purpose Linux distributions, VyOS uses "image installation" that
mimics the user experience of traditional hardware routers and allows keeping
multiple VyOS versions installed simultaneously. This makes it possible to
switch to a previous version if something breaks or miss-behaves after an image
upgrade.
Every version is contained in its own squashfs image that is mounted in a union
filesystem together with a directory for mutable data such as configurations,
keys, or custom scripts.
.. note:: Older versions (prior to VyOS 1.1) used to support non-image
installation (``install system`` command). Support for this has been removed
from VyOS 1.2 and newer releases. Older releases can still be upgraded via
the general ``add system image <image_path>`` upgrade command (consult
:ref:`image-mgmt` for further information).
To install VyOS, run ``install image`` after logging into the live system with
the provided default credentials.
.. code-block:: none
vyos@vyos:~$ install image
Welcome to the VyOS install program. This script
will walk you through the process of installing the
VyOS image to a local hard drive.
Would you like to continue? (Yes/No) [Yes]: Yes
Probing drives: OK
Looking for pre-existing RAID groups...none found.
The VyOS image will require a minimum 2000MB root.
Would you like me to try to partition a drive automatically
or would you rather partition it manually with parted? If
you have already setup your partitions, you may skip this step
Partition (Auto/Parted/Skip) [Auto]:
I found the following drives on your system:
sda 4294MB
Install the image on? [sda]:
This will destroy all data on /dev/sda.
Continue? (Yes/No) [No]: Yes
How big of a root partition should I create? (2000MB - 4294MB) [4294]MB:
Creating filesystem on /dev/sda1: OK
Done!
Mounting /dev/sda1...
What would you like to name this image? [1.2.0-rolling+201809210337]:
OK. This image will be named: 1.2.0-rolling+201809210337
Copying squashfs image...
Copying kernel and initrd images...
Done!
I found the following configuration files:
/opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default
Which one should I copy to sda? [/opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default]:
Copying /opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default to sda.
Enter password for administrator account
Enter password for user 'vyos':
Retype password for user 'vyos':
I need to install the GRUB boot loader.
I found the following drives on your system:
sda 4294MB
Which drive should GRUB modify the boot partition on? [sda]:
Setting up grub: OK
Done!
After the installation is complete, remove the live CD and reboot the system:
.. code-block:: none
vyos@vyos:~$ reboot
Proceed with reboot? (Yes/No) [No] Yes
PXE Boot
--------
VyOS can also be installed through PXE. This is a more complex installation
method which allows deploying VyOS through the network.
**Requirements**
* Clients (where VyOS is to be installed) with a PXE-enabled NIC
* :ref:`dhcp-server`
* :ref:`tftp-server`
* Webserver (HTTP) - optional, but we will use it to speed up installation
* VyOS ISO image to be installed (do not use images prior to VyOS 1.2.3)
* Files ``pxelinux.0`` and ``ldlinux.c32`` `from the Syslinux distribution <https://kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/>`_
Configuration
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Step 1: DHCP
""""""""""""
Configure a DHCP server to provide the client with:
* An IP address
* The TFTP server address (DHCP option 66). Sometimes referred as *boot server*
* The *bootfile name* (DHCP option 67), which is ``pxelinux.0``
In this example we configured an existent VyOS as the DHCP server:
.. code-block:: none
vyos@vyos# show service dhcp-server
shared-network-name mydhcp {
subnet 192.168.1.0/24 {
bootfile-name pxelinux.0
bootfile-server 192.168.1.50
default-router 192.168.1.50
range 0 {
start 192.168.1.70
stop 192.168.1.100
}
}
}
.. _install_from_tftp:
Step 2: TFTP
""""""""""""
Configure a TFTP server so that it serves the following:
* The ``pxelinux.0`` file from the Syslinux distribution
* The ``ldlinux.c32`` file from the Syslinux distribution
* The kernel of the VyOS software you want to deploy. That is the ``vmlinuz``
file inside the ``/live`` directory of the extracted contents from the ISO
file
* The initial ramdisk of the VyOS ISO you want to deploy. That is the
``initrd.img`` file inside the ``/live`` directory of the extracted contents
from the ISO file. Do not use an empty (0 bytes) initrd.img file you might
find, the correct file may have a longer name.
* A directory named pxelinux.cfg which must contain the configuration file.
We will use the configuration_ file shown below, which we named default_.
.. _configuration: https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Config
.. _default: https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX#Configuration
In the example we configured our existent VyOS as the TFTP server too:
.. code-block:: none
vyos@vyos# show service tftp-server
directory /config/tftpboot
listen-address 192.168.1.50
Example of the contents of the TFTP server:
.. code-block:: none
vyos@vyos# ls -hal /config/tftpboot/
total 29M
drwxr-sr-x 3 tftp tftp 4.0K Oct 14 00:23 .
drwxrwsr-x 9 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 18 00:05 ..
-r--r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 25M Oct 13 23:24 initrd.img-4.19.54-amd64-vyos
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root vyattacfg 120K Oct 13 23:44 ldlinux.c32
-rw-r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 46K Oct 13 23:24 pxelinux.0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 14 01:10 pxelinux.cfg
-r--r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 3.7M Oct 13 23:24 vmlinuz
vyos@vyos# ls -hal /config/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
total 12K
drwxr-xr-x 2 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 14 01:10 .
drwxr-sr-x 3 tftp tftp 4.0K Oct 14 00:23 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 Oct 14 01:10 default
Example of simple (no menu) configuration file:
.. code-block:: none
vyos@vyos# cat /config/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
DEFAULT VyOS123
LABEL VyOS123
KERNEL vmlinuz
APPEND initrd=initrd.img-4.19.54-amd64-vyos boot=live nopersistence \
noautologin nonetworking fetch=http://address:8000/filesystem.squashfs
Step 3: HTTP
""""""""""""
As you can read in the configuration file, we are sending ``filesystem.squashfs``
through HTTP. As that is a heavy file, we choose HTTP to speed up the transfer
over TFTP.
First run a web server - you can use a simple one like
`Python's SimpleHTTPServer`_ and start serving the ``filesystem.squashfs``
file. The file can be found inside the ``/live`` directory of the extracted
contents of the ISO file.
Second, edit the configuration file at the :ref:`install_from_tftp` so that it shows
the correct URL at ``fetch=http://<address_of_your_HTTP_server>/filesystem.squashfs``.
And third, restart the TFTP service. If you are using VyOS as your TFTP Server, you can restart
the service with ``sudo service tftpd-hpa restart``.
.. note:: Make sure the available directories and files in both TFTP and HTTP
server have the right permissions to be accessed from the booting clients.
.. _`Python's SimpleHTTPServer`: https://docs.python.org/2/library/simplehttpserver.html
Client Boot
^^^^^^^^^^^
Finally, turn on your PXE-enabled client or clients. They will automatically get an IP
address from the DHCP server and start booting into VyOS live from the files
automatically taken from the TFTP and HTTP servers.
Once finished you will be able to proceed with the ``install image`` command as
in a regular VyOS installation.
Known Issues
------------
This is a list of known issues that can arise during installation.
Black screen on install
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
GRUB attempts to redirect all output to a serial port for ease of installation on headless hosts.
This appears to cause an hard lockup on some hardware that lacks a serial port, with the result being a
black screen after selecting the `Live system` option from the installation image.
The workaround is to type `e` when the boot menu appears and edit the GRUB boot options. Specifically, remove the:
`console=ttyS0,115200`
option, and type CTRL-X to boot.
Installation can then continue as outlined above.
.. _SYSLINUX: http://www.syslinux.org/
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