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524 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
524 lines
18 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _installation:
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############
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Installation
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############
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VyOS installation requires a downloaded VyOS .iso file. That file is
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a live install image that lets you boot a live VyOS. From the live
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system, you can proceed to a permanent installation on a hard drive or
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any other type of storage.
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Hardware requirements
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=====================
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The minimum system requirements are 512 MiB RAM and 2 GiB storage.
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Depending on your use, you might need additional RAM and CPU resources e.g.
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when having multiple BGP full tables in your system.
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Download
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========
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Registered Subscribers
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----------------------
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Registered subscribers can log into https://support.vyos.io/ to access a
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variety of different downloads via the "Downloads" link. These downloads
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include LTS (Long-Term-Support), the associated hot-fix releases, early public
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access releases, pre-built VM images, as well as device specific installation
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ISOs.
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.. figure:: /_static/images/vyos-downloads.png
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Building from source
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----------------------
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Non-subscribers can always get the LTS release by building it from source.
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Instruction can be found in the :ref:`build` section of this manual. VyOS
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source code repository is available for everyone at
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https://github.com/vyos/vyos-build.
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Rolling Release
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---------------
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Everyone can download bleeding-edge VyOS rolling images from:
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https://downloads.vyos.io/
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.. note:: Rolling releases contain all the latest enhancements and fixes. This
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means that there will be new bugs of course. If you think you hit a bug
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please follow the guide at :ref:`bug_report`. We depend on your feedback
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to improve vyOS!
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The following link will always fetch the most recent VyOS build for AMD64
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systems from the current branch:
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https://downloads.vyos.io/rolling/current/amd64/vyos-rolling-latest.iso
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Download Verification
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---------------------
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LTS images are signed by VyOS lead package-maintainer private key. With
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the official public key, the authenticity of the package can be
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verified. :abbr:`GPG (GNU Privacy Guard)` is used for verification.
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.. note:: This subsection only applies to LTS images, for
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Rolling images please jump to :ref:`live_installation`.
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Preparing for the verification
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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First, install GPG or another OpenPGP implementation. On most GNU+Linux
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distributions it is installed by default as package managers use it to
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verify package signatures. If not pre-installed, it will need to be
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downloaded and installed.
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The official VyOS public key can be retrieved in a number of ways. Skip
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to :ref:`gpg-verification` if the key is already present.
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It can be retrieved directly from a key server:
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``gpg --recv-keys FD220285A0FE6D7E``
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Or it can be accessed via a web browser:
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https://pgp.mit.edu/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xFD220285A0FE6D7E
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Or from the following block:
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.. code-block:: none
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-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
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Version: GnuPG v1.4.12 (GNU/Linux)
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mQINBFXKsiIBEACyid9PR/v56pSRG8VgQyRwvzoI7rLErZ8BCQA2WFxA6+zNy+6G
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+0E/6XAOzE+VHli+wtJpiVJwAh+wWuqzOmv9css2fdJxpMW87pJAS2i3EVVVf6ab
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wU848JYLGzc9y7gZrnT1m2fNh4MXkZBNDp780WpOZx8roZq5X+j+Y5hk5KcLiBn/
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lh9Zoh8yzrWDSXQsz0BGoAbVnLUEWyo0tcRcHuC0eLx6oNG/IHvd/+kxWB1uULHU
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SlB/6vcx56lLqgzywkmhP01050ZDyTqrFRIfrvw6gLQaWlgR3lB93txvF/sz87Il
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VblV7e6HEyVUQxedDS8ikOyzdb5r9a6Zt/j8ZPSntFNM6OcKAI7U1nDD3FVOhlVn
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7lhUiNc+/qjC+pR9CrZjr/BTWE7Zpi6/kzeH4eAkfjyALj18oC5udJDjXE5daTL3
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k9difHf74VkZm29Cy9M3zPckOZpsGiBl8YQsf+RXSBMDVYRKZ1BNNLDofm4ZGijK
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mriXcaY+VIeVB26J8m8y0zN4/ZdioJXRcy72c1KusRt8e/TsqtC9UFK05YpzRm5R
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/nwxDFYb7EdY/vHUFOmfwXLaRvyZtRJ9LwvRUAqgRbbRZg3ET/tn6JZk8hqx3e1M
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IxuskOB19t5vWyAo/TLGIFw44SErrq9jnpqgclTSRgFjcjHEm061r4vjoQARAQAB
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tDZWeU9TIE1haW50YWluZXJzIChWeU9TIFJlbGVhc2UpIDxtYWludGFpbmVyc0B2
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eW9zLm5ldD6JAjgEEwECACIFAlXKsiICGwMGCwkIBwMCBhUIAgkKCwQWAgMBAh4B
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AheAAAoJEP0iAoWg/m1+xbgP+QEDYZi5dA4IPY+vU1L95Bavju2m2o35TSUDPg5B
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jfAGuhbsNUceU+l/yUlxjpKEmvshyW3GHR5QzUaKGup/ZDBo1CBxZNhpSlFida2E
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KAYTx4vHk3MRXcntiAj/hIJwRtzCUp5UQIqHoU8dmHoHOkKEP+zhJuR6E2s+WwDr
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nTwE6eRa0g/AHY+chj2Je6flpPm2CKoTfUE7a2yBBU3wPq3rGtsQgVxPAxHRZz7A
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w4AjH3NM1Uo3etuiDnGkJAuoKKb1J4X3w2QlbwlR4cODLKhJXHIufwaGtRwEin9S
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1l2bL8V3gy2Hv3D2t9TQZuR5NUHsibJRXLSa8WnSCcc6Bij5aqfdpYB+YvKH/rIm
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GvYPmLZDfKGkx0JE4/qtfFjiPJ5VE7BxNyliEw/rnQsxWAGPqLlL61SD8w5jGkw3
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CinwO3sccTVcPz9b6A1RsbBVhTJJX5lcPn1lkOEVwQ7l8bRhOKCMe0P53qEDcLCd
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KcXNnAFbVes9u+kfUQ4oxS0G2JS9ISVNmune+uv+JR7KqSdOuRYlyXA9uTjgWz4y
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Cs7RS+CpkJFqrqOtS1rmuDW9Ea4PA8ygGlisM5d/AlVkniHz/2JYtgetiLCj9mfE
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MzQpgnldNSPumKqJ3wwmCNisE+lXQ5UXCaoaeqF/qX1ykybQn41LQ+0xT5Uvy7sL
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9IwGuQINBFXKsiIBEACg2mP3QYkXdgWTK5JyTGyttE6bDC9uqsK8dc1J66Tjd5Ly
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Be0amO+88GHXa0o5Smwk2QNoxsRR41G/D/eAeGsuOEYnePROEr3tcLnDjo4KLgQ+
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H69zRPn77sdP3A34Jgp+QIzByJWM7Cnim31quQP3qal2QdpGJcT/jDJWdticN76a
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Biaz+HN13LyvZM+DWhUDttbjAJc+TEwF9YzIrU+3AzkTRDWkRh4kNIQxjlpNzvho
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9V75riVqg2vtgPwttPEhOLb0oMzy4ADdfezrfVvvMb4M4kY9npu4MlSkNTM97F/I
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QKy90JuSUIjE05AO+PDXJF4Fd5dcpmukLV/2nV0WM2LAERpJUuAgkZN6pNUFVISR
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+nSfgR7wvqeDY9NigHrJqJbSEgaBUs6RTk5hait2wnNKLJajlu3aQ2/QfRT/kG3h
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ClKUz3Ju7NCURmFE6mfsdsVrlIsEjHr/dPbXRswXgC9FLlXpWgAEDYi9Wdxxz8o9
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JDWrVYdKRGG+OpLFh8AP6QL3YnZF+p1oxGUQ5ugXauAJ9YS55pbzaUFP8oOO2P1Q
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BeYnKRs1GcMI8KWtE/fze9C9gZ7Dqju7ZFEyllM4v3lzjhT8muMSAhw41J22mSx6
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VRkQVRIAvPDFES45IbB6EEGhDDg4pD2az8Q7i7Uc6/olEmpVONSOZEEPsQe/2wAR
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AQABiQIfBBgBAgAJBQJVyrIiAhsMAAoJEP0iAoWg/m1+niUQAKTxwJ9PTAfB+XDk
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3qH3n+T49O2wP3fhBI0EGhJp9Xbx29G7qfEeqcQm69/qSq2/0HQOc+w/g8yy71jA
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6rPuozCraoN7Im09rQ2NqIhPK/1w5ZvgNVC0NtcMigX9MiSARePKygAHOPHtrhyO
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rJQyu8E3cV3VRT4qhqIqXs8Ydc9vL3ZrJbhcHQuSLdZxM1k+DahCJgwWabDCUizm
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sVP3epAP19FP8sNtHi0P1LC0kq6/0qJot+4iBiRwXMervCD5ExdOm2ugvSgghdYN
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BikFHvmsCxbZAQjykQ6TMn+vkmcEz4fGAn4L7Nx4paKEtXaAFO8TJmFjOlGUthEm
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CtHDKjCTh9WV4pwG2WnXuACjnJcs6LcK377EjWU25H4y1ff+NDIUg/DWfSS85iIc
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UgkOlQO6HJy0O96L5uxn7VJpXNYFa20lpfTVZv7uu3BC3RW/FyOYsGtSiUKYq6cb
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CMxGTfFxGeynwIlPRlH68BqH6ctR/mVdo+5UIWsChSnNd1GreIEI6p2nBk3mc7jZ
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7pTEHpjarwOjs/S/lK+vLW53CSFimmW4lw3MwqiyAkxl0tHAT7QMHH9Rgw2HF/g6
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XD76fpFdMT856dsuf+j2uuJFlFe5B1fERBzeU18MxML0VpDmGFEaxxypfACeI/iu
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8vzPzaWHhkOkU8/J/Ci7+vNtUOZb
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=Ld8S
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-----END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK-----
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Store the key in a new text file and import it into GPG via: ``gpg --import
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file_with_the_public_key``
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The import can be verified with:
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.. code-block:: none
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$ gpg --list-keys
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...
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pub rsa4096 2015-08-12 [SC]
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0694A9230F5139BF834BA458FD220285A0FE6D7E
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uid [ unknown] VyOS Maintainers (VyOS Release) <maintainers@vyos.net>
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sub rsa4096 2015-08-12 [E]
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.. _gpg-verification:
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GPG verification
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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With the public key imported, the signature for the desired image needs
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to be downloaded.
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.. note:: The signature can be downloaded by appending `.asc` to the URL of the
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downloaded VyOS image. That small *.asc* file is the signature for the
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associated image.
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Finally, verify the authenticity of the downloaded image:
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.. code-block:: none
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$ gpg2 --verify vyos-1.2.1-amd64.iso.asc vyos-1.2.1-amd64.iso
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gpg: Signature made So 14 Apr 12:58:07 2019 CEST
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gpg: using RSA key FD220285A0FE6D7E
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gpg: Good signature from "VyOS Maintainers (VyOS Release) <maintainers@vyos.net>" [unknown]
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Primary key fingerprint: 0694 A923 0F51 39BF 834B A458 FD22 0285 A0FE 6D7E
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.. _live_installation:
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Live installation
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=================
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.. note:: A permanent VyOS installation always requires to go first
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through a live installation.
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VyOS, as other GNU+Linux distributions, can be tested without installing
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it in your hard drive. **With your downloaded VyOS .iso file you can
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create a bootable USB drive that will let you boot into a fully
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functional VyOS system**. Once you have tested it, you can either decide
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to begin a :ref:`permanent_installation` in your hard drive or power
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your system off, remove the USB drive, and leave everythng as it was.
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If you have a GNU+Linux system, you can create your VyOS bootable USB
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stick with with the ``dd`` command:
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1. Open your terminal emulator.
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2. Find out the device name of your USB drive (you can use the ``lsblk``
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command)
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3. Unmount the USB drive. Replace X in the example below with the
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letter of your device and keep the asterisk (wildcard) to unmount
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all partitions.
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.. code-block:: none
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$ umount /dev/sdX*
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4. Write the image (your VyOS .iso file) to the USB drive.
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Note that here you want to use the device name (e.g. /dev/sdb), not
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the partition name (e.g. /dev/sdb1).
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**Warning**: This will destroy all data on the USB drive!
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.. code-block:: none
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# dd if=/path/to/vyos.iso of=/dev/sdX bs=8M; sync
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5. Wait until you get the outcome (bytes copied). Be patient, in some
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computers it might take more than one minute.
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6. Once ``dd`` has finished, pull the USB drive out and plug it into
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the powered-off computer where you want to install (or test) VyOS.
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7. Power the computer on, making sure it boots from the USB drive (you
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might need to select booting device or change booting settings).
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8. Once VyOS is completely loaded, enter the default credentials
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(login: vyos, password: vyos).
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If you find difficulties with this method, prefer to use a GUI program,
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or have a different operating system, there are other programs you can
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use to create a bootable USB drive, like balenaEtcher_ (for GNU/Linux,
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macOS and Windows), Rufus_ (for Windows) and `many others`_. You can
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follow their instructions to create a bootable USB drive from an .iso
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file.
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.. hint:: The default username and password for the live system is *vyos*.
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.. _permanent_installation:
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Permanent installation
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======================
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.. note:: Before a permanent installation, VyOS requires a
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:ref:`live_installation`.
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Unlike general purpose Linux distributions, VyOS uses "image installation" that
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mimics the user experience of traditional hardware routers and allows keeping
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multiple VyOS versions installed simultaneously. This makes it possible to
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switch to a previous version if something breaks or miss-behaves after an image
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upgrade.
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Every version is contained in its own squashfs image that is mounted in a union
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filesystem together with a directory for mutable data such as configurations,
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keys, or custom scripts.
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.. note:: Older versions (prior to VyOS 1.1) used to support non-image
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installation (``install system`` command). Support for this has been removed
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from VyOS 1.2 and newer releases. Older releases can still be upgraded via
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the general ``add system image <image_path>`` upgrade command (consult
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:ref:`image-mgmt` for further information).
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In order to proceed with a permanent installation:
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1. Log into the VyOS live system (use the default credentials: vyos,
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vyos)
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2. Run the ``install image`` command and follow the wizard:
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.. code-block:: none
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vyos@vyos:~$ install image
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Welcome to the VyOS install program. This script
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will walk you through the process of installing the
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VyOS image to a local hard drive.
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Would you like to continue? (Yes/No) [Yes]: Yes
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Probing drives: OK
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Looking for pre-existing RAID groups...none found.
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The VyOS image will require a minimum 2000MB root.
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Would you like me to try to partition a drive automatically
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or would you rather partition it manually with parted? If
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you have already setup your partitions, you may skip this step
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Partition (Auto/Parted/Skip) [Auto]:
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I found the following drives on your system:
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sda 4294MB
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Install the image on? [sda]:
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This will destroy all data on /dev/sda.
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Continue? (Yes/No) [No]: Yes
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How big of a root partition should I create? (2000MB - 4294MB) [4294]MB:
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Creating filesystem on /dev/sda1: OK
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Done!
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Mounting /dev/sda1...
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What would you like to name this image? [1.2.0-rolling+201809210337]:
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OK. This image will be named: 1.2.0-rolling+201809210337
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Copying squashfs image...
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Copying kernel and initrd images...
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Done!
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I found the following configuration files:
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/opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default
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Which one should I copy to sda? [/opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default]:
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Copying /opt/vyatta/etc/config.boot.default to sda.
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Enter password for administrator account
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Enter password for user 'vyos':
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Retype password for user 'vyos':
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I need to install the GRUB boot loader.
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I found the following drives on your system:
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sda 4294MB
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Which drive should GRUB modify the boot partition on? [sda]:
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Setting up grub: OK
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Done!
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3. After the installation is completed, remove the live USB stick or
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CD.
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4. Reboot the system.
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.. code-block:: none
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vyos@vyos:~$ reboot
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Proceed with reboot? (Yes/No) [No] Yes
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You will boot now into a permanent VyOS system.
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PXE Boot
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========
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VyOS can also be installed through PXE. This is a more complex
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installation method that allows deploying VyOS through the network.
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**Requirements**
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* Clients (where VyOS is to be installed) with a PXE-enabled NIC
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* :ref:`dhcp-server`
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* :ref:`tftp-server`
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* Webserver (HTTP) - optional, but we will use it to speed up installation
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* VyOS ISO image to be installed (do not use images prior to VyOS 1.2.3)
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* Files *pxelinux.0* and *ldlinux.c32* `from the Syslinux distribution
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<https://kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/boot/syslinux/>`_
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Configuration
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-------------
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Step 1: DHCP
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Configure a DHCP server to provide the client with:
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* An IP address
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* The TFTP server address (DHCP option 66). Sometimes referred as *boot server*
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* The *bootfile name* (DHCP option 67), which is *pxelinux.0*
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In this example we configured an existent VyOS as the DHCP server:
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.. code-block:: none
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vyos@vyos# show service dhcp-server
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shared-network-name mydhcp {
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subnet 192.168.1.0/24 {
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bootfile-name pxelinux.0
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bootfile-server 192.168.1.50
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default-router 192.168.1.50
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range 0 {
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start 192.168.1.70
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stop 192.168.1.100
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}
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}
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}
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.. _install_from_tftp:
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Step 2: TFTP
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Configure a TFTP server so that it serves the following:
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* The *pxelinux.0* file from the Syslinux distribution
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* The *ldlinux.c32* file from the Syslinux distribution
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* The kernel of the VyOS software you want to deploy. That is the
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*vmlinuz* file inside the */live* directory of the extracted
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contents from the ISO file.
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* The initial ramdisk of the VyOS ISO you want to deploy. That is the
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*initrd.img* file inside the */live* directory of the extracted
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contents from the ISO file. Do not use an empty (0 bytes) initrd.img
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file you might find, the correct file may have a longer name.
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|
* A directory named pxelinux.cfg which must contain the configuration
|
|
file. We will use the configuration_ file shown below, which we named
|
|
default_.
|
|
|
|
In the example we configured our existent VyOS as the TFTP server too:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: none
|
|
|
|
vyos@vyos# show service tftp-server
|
|
directory /config/tftpboot
|
|
listen-address 192.168.1.50
|
|
|
|
Example of the contents of the TFTP server:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: none
|
|
|
|
vyos@vyos# ls -hal /config/tftpboot/
|
|
total 29M
|
|
drwxr-sr-x 3 tftp tftp 4.0K Oct 14 00:23 .
|
|
drwxrwsr-x 9 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 18 00:05 ..
|
|
-r--r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 25M Oct 13 23:24 initrd.img-4.19.54-amd64-vyos
|
|
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root vyattacfg 120K Oct 13 23:44 ldlinux.c32
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 46K Oct 13 23:24 pxelinux.0
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 14 01:10 pxelinux.cfg
|
|
-r--r--r-- 1 root vyattacfg 3.7M Oct 13 23:24 vmlinuz
|
|
|
|
vyos@vyos# ls -hal /config/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
|
|
total 12K
|
|
drwxr-xr-x 2 root vyattacfg 4.0K Oct 14 01:10 .
|
|
drwxr-sr-x 3 tftp tftp 4.0K Oct 14 00:23 ..
|
|
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 191 Oct 14 01:10 default
|
|
|
|
Example of simple (no menu) configuration file:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: none
|
|
|
|
vyos@vyos# cat /config/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
|
|
DEFAULT VyOS123
|
|
|
|
LABEL VyOS123
|
|
KERNEL vmlinuz
|
|
APPEND initrd=initrd.img-4.19.54-amd64-vyos boot=live nopersistence noautologin nonetworking fetch=http://address:8000/filesystem.squashfs
|
|
|
|
Step 3: HTTP
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
We also need to provide the *filesystem.squashfs* file. That is a heavy
|
|
file and TFTP is slow, so you could send it through HTTP to speed up the
|
|
transfer. That is how it is done in our example, you can find that in
|
|
the configuration file above.
|
|
|
|
**First** run a web server - you can use a simple one like
|
|
`Python's SimpleHTTPServer`_ and start serving the `filesystem.squashfs`
|
|
file. The file can be found inside the `/live` directory of the
|
|
extracted contents of the ISO file.
|
|
|
|
**Second**, edit the configuration file of the :ref:`install_from_tftp`
|
|
so that it shows the correct URL at
|
|
``fetch=http://<address_of_your_HTTP_server>/filesystem.squashfs``.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: Do not change the name of the *filesystem.squashfs* file. If
|
|
you are working with different versions, you can create different
|
|
directories instead.
|
|
|
|
And **third**, restart the TFTP service. If you are using VyOS as your
|
|
TFTP Server, you can restart the service with
|
|
``sudo service tftpd-hpa restart``.
|
|
|
|
.. note:: Make sure the available directories and files in both TFTP
|
|
and HTTP server have the right permissions to be accessed from the
|
|
booting clients.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Client Boot
|
|
-----------
|
|
|
|
Finally, turn on your PXE-enabled client or clients. They will
|
|
automatically get an IP address from the DHCP server and start booting
|
|
into VyOS live from the files automatically taken from the TFTP and HTTP
|
|
servers.
|
|
|
|
Once finished you will be able to proceed with the ``install image``
|
|
command as in a regular VyOS installation.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Known Issues
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
This is a list of known issues that can arise during installation.
|
|
|
|
Black screen on install
|
|
-----------------------
|
|
|
|
GRUB attempts to redirect all output to a serial port for ease of installation
|
|
on headless hosts. This appears to cause an hard lockup on some hardware that
|
|
lacks a serial port, with the result being a black screen after selecting the
|
|
`Live system` option from the installation image.
|
|
|
|
The workaround is to type `e` when the boot menu appears and edit the GRUB boot
|
|
options. Specifically, remove the:
|
|
|
|
`console=ttyS0,115200`
|
|
|
|
option, and type CTRL-X to boot.
|
|
|
|
Installation can then continue as outlined above.
|
|
|
|
|
|
.. stop_vyoslinter
|
|
|
|
.. _SYSLINUX: http://www.syslinux.org/
|
|
.. _balenaEtcher: https://www.balena.io/etcher/
|
|
.. _Rufus: https://rufus.ie/
|
|
.. _many others: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tools_to_create_Live_USB_systems
|
|
.. _configuration: https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=Config
|
|
.. _default: https://wiki.syslinux.org/wiki/index.php?title=PXELINUX#Configuration
|
|
.. _`Python's SimpleHTTPServer`: https://docs.python.org/2/library/simplehttpserver.html
|
|
|
|
.. start_vyoslinter
|