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Linux bridge uses EtherType 0x8100 by default. In some scenarios, an EtherType value of 0x88A8 is required. Reusing CLI command from VIF-S (QinQ) interfaces: set interfaces bridge br0 protocol 802.1ad (cherry picked from commit a7f2e520cbf8b24ccb5e266b5d4c739588aed48e)
340 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
340 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
:lastproofread: 2021-06-30
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.. _bridge-interface:
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######
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Bridge
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######
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A Bridge is a way to connect two Ethernet segments together in a
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protocol independent way. Packets are forwarded based on Ethernet
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address, rather than IP address (like a router). Since forwarding is
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done at Layer 2, all protocols can go transparently through a bridge.
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The Linux bridge code implements a subset of the ANSI/IEEE 802.1d
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standard.
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.. note:: Spanning Tree Protocol is not enabled by default in VyOS.
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:ref:`stp` can be easily enabled if needed.
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*************
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Configuration
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*************
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Common interface configuration
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==============================
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.. cmdinclude:: /_include/interface-common-with-dhcp.txt
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:var0: bridge
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:var1: br0
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Member Interfaces
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=================
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> member interface <member>
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Assign `<member>` interface to bridge `<interface>`. A completion
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helper will help you with all allowed interfaces which can be
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bridged. This includes :ref:`ethernet-interface`,
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:ref:`bond-interface`, :ref:`l2tpv3-interface`, :ref:`openvpn`,
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:ref:`vxlan-interface`, :ref:`wireless-interface`,
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:ref:`tunnel-interface` and :ref:`geneve-interface`.
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> member interface <member>
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priority <priority>
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Configure individual bridge port `<priority>`.
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Each bridge has a relative priority and cost. Each interface is
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associated with a port (number) in the STP code. Each has a priority
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and a cost, that is used to decide which is the shortest path to
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forward a packet. The lowest cost path is always used unless the
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other path is down. If you have multiple bridges and interfaces then
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you may need to adjust the priorities to achieve optimum
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performance.
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> member interface <member>
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cost <cost>
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Path `<cost>` value for Spanning Tree Protocol. Each interface in a
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bridge could have a different speed and this value is used when
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deciding which link to use. Faster interfaces should have lower
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costs.
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Bridge Options
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==============
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> aging <time>
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MAC address aging `<time`> in seconds (default: 300).
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> max-age <time>
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Bridge maximum aging `<time>` in seconds (default: 20).
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If an another bridge in the spanning tree does not send out a hello
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packet for a long period of time, it is assumed to be dead.
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> igmp querier
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Enable IGMP and MLD querier.
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> igmp snooping
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Enable IGMP and MLD snooping.
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.. _stp:
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STP Parameter
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-------------
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:abbr:`STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)` is a network protocol that builds a
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loop-free logical topology for Ethernet networks. The basic function of
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STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results
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from them. Spanning tree also allows a network design to include backup
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links providing fault tolerance if an active link fails.
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> stp
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Enable spanning tree protocol. STP is disabled by default.
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> forwarding-delay <delay>
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Spanning Tree Protocol forwarding `<delay>` in seconds (default: 15).
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The forwarding delay time is the time spent in each of the listening and
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learning states before the Forwarding state is entered. This delay is
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so that when a new bridge comes onto a busy network it looks at some
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traffic before participating.
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> hello-time <interval>
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Spanning Tree Protocol hello advertisement `<interval>` in seconds
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(default: 2).
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Periodically, a hello packet is sent out by the Root Bridge and the
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Designated Bridges. Hello packets are used to communicate information
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about the topology throughout the entire Bridged Local Area Network.
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VLAN
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====
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Enable VLAN-Aware Bridge
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------------------------
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> enable-vlan
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To activate the VLAN aware bridge, you must activate this setting to use VLAN
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settings for the bridge
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> protocol <802.1ad|802.1q>
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Define used ethertype of bridge interface.
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Ethertype ``0x8100`` is used for ``802.1q`` and ethertype ``0x88a8`` is used
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for ``802.1ad``.
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The default is ``802.1q``.
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VLAN Options
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------------
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.. note:: It is not valid to use the `vif 1` option for VLAN aware bridges
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because VLAN aware bridges assume that all unlabeled packets belong to
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the default VLAN 1 member and that the VLAN ID of the bridge's parent
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interface is always 1
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.. cmdinclude:: /_include/interface-vlan-8021q.txt
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:var0: bridge
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:var1: br0
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> member interface <member>
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native-vlan <vlan-id>
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Set the native VLAN ID flag of the interface. When a data packet without a
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VLAN tag enters the port, the data packet will be forced to add a tag of a
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specific vlan id. When the vlan id flag flows out, the tag of the vlan id
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will be stripped
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Example: Set `eth0` member port to be native VLAN 2
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.. code-block:: none
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set interfaces bridge br1 member interface eth0 native-vlan 2
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.. cfgcmd:: set interfaces bridge <interface> member interface <member>
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allowed-vlan <vlan-id>
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Allows specific VLAN IDs to pass through the bridge member interface. This
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can either be an individual VLAN id or a range of VLAN ids delimited by a
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hyphen.
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Example: Set `eth0` member port to be allowed VLAN 4
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.. code-block:: none
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set interfaces bridge br1 member interface eth0 allowed-vlan 4
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Example: Set `eth0` member port to be allowed VLAN 6-8
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.. code-block:: none
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set interfaces bridge br1 member interface eth0 allowed-vlan 6-8
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Port Mirror (SPAN)
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==================
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.. cmdinclude:: ../../_include/interface-mirror.txt
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:var0: bridge
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:var1: br1
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:var2: eth3
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********
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Examples
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********
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Create a basic bridge
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=====================
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Creating a bridge interface is very simple. In this example, we will
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have:
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* A bridge named `br100`
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* Member interfaces `eth1` and VLAN 10 on interface `eth2`
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* Enable STP
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* Bridge answers on IP address 192.0.2.1/24 and 2001:db8::ffff/64
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.. code-block:: none
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set interfaces bridge br100 address 192.0.2.1/24
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set interfaces bridge br100 address 2001:db8::ffff/64
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set interfaces bridge br100 member interface eth1
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set interfaces bridge br100 member interface eth2.10
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set interfaces bridge br100 stp
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This results in the active configuration:
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.. code-block:: none
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vyos@vyos# show interfaces bridge br100
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address 192.0.2.1/24
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address 2001:db8::ffff/64
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member {
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interface eth1 {
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}
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interface eth2.10 {
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}
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}
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stp
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Using VLAN aware Bridge
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=======================
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An example of creating a VLAN-aware bridge is as follows:
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* A bridge named `br100`
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* The member interface `eth1` is a trunk that allows VLAN 10 to pass
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* VLAN 10 on member interface `eth2` (ACCESS mode)
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* Enable STP
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* Bridge answers on IP address 192.0.2.1/24 and 2001:db8::ffff/64
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.. code-block:: none
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set interfaces bridge br100 enable-vlan
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set interfaces bridge br100 member interface eth1 allowed-vlan 10
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set interfaces bridge br100 member interface eth2 native-vlan 10
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set interfaces bridge br100 vif 10 address 192.0.2.1/24
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set interfaces bridge br100 vif 10 address 2001:db8::ffff/64
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set interfaces bridge br100 stp
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This results in the active configuration:
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.. code-block:: none
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vyos@vyos# show interfaces bridge br100
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enable-vlan
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member {
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interface eth1 {
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allowed-vlan 10
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}
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interface eth2 {
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native-vlan 10
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}
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}
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stp
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vif 10 {
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address 192.0.2.1/24
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address 2001:db8::ffff/64
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}
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Using the operation mode command to view Bridge Information
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===========================================================
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.. opcmd:: show bridge
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The `show bridge` operational command can be used to display
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configured bridges:
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.. code-block:: none
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vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge
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3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 master br0 state forwarding
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priority 32 cost 100
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4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 master br0 state forwarding
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priority 32 cost 100
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.. opcmd:: show bridge <name> fdb
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Show bridge `<name>` fdb displays the current forwarding table:
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.. code-block:: none
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vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge br0 fdb
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50:00:00:08:00:01 dev eth1 vlan 20 master br0 permanent
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50:00:00:08:00:01 dev eth1 vlan 10 master br0 permanent
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50:00:00:08:00:01 dev eth1 master br0 permanent
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33:33:00:00:00:01 dev eth1 self permanent
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33:33:00:00:00:02 dev eth1 self permanent
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01:00:5e:00:00:01 dev eth1 self permanent
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50:00:00:08:00:02 dev eth2 vlan 20 master br0 permanent
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50:00:00:08:00:02 dev eth2 vlan 10 master br0 permanent
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50:00:00:08:00:02 dev eth2 master br0 permanent
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33:33:00:00:00:01 dev eth2 self permanent
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33:33:00:00:00:02 dev eth2 self permanent
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01:00:5e:00:00:01 dev eth2 self permanent
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33:33:00:00:00:01 dev br0 self permanent
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33:33:00:00:00:02 dev br0 self permanent
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33:33:ff:08:00:01 dev br0 self permanent
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01:00:5e:00:00:6a dev br0 self permanent
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33:33:00:00:00:6a dev br0 self permanent
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01:00:5e:00:00:01 dev br0 self permanent
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33:33:ff:00:00:00 dev br0 self permanent
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.. opcmd:: show bridge <name> mdb
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Show bridge `<name>` mdb displays the current multicast group membership
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table.The table is populated by IGMP and MLD snooping in the bridge driver
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automatically.
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.. code-block:: none
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vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge br0 mdb
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dev br0 port br0 grp ff02::1:ff00:0 temp vid 1
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dev br0 port br0 grp ff02::2 temp vid 1
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dev br0 port br0 grp ff02::1:ff08:1 temp vid 1
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dev br0 port br0 grp ff02::6a temp vid 1
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.. opcmd: show bridge <name> macs
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Show bridge Media Access Control (MAC) address table
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.. code-block:: none
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vyos@vyos:~$ show bridge br100 macs
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port no mac addr is local? ageing timer
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1 00:53:29:44:3b:19 yes 0.00
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