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188 lines
7.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
188 lines
7.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _bgp:
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BGP
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---
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:abbr:`BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is one of the Exterior Gateway Protocols
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and the de facto standard interdomain routing protocol. The latest BGP version
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is 4. BGP-4 is described in :rfc:`1771` and updated by :rfc:`4271`. :rfc:`2858`
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adds multiprotocol support to BGP.
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IPv4
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^^^^
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A simple eBGP configuration:
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**Node 1:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 192.168.0.2 ebgp-multihop '2'
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set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 192.168.0.2 remote-as '65535'
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set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 192.168.0.2 update-source '192.168.0.1'
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set protocols bgp 65534 address-family ipv4-unicast network '172.16.0.0/16'
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set protocols bgp 65534 parameters router-id '192.168.0.1'
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**Node 2:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 192.168.0.1 ebgp-multihop '2'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 192.168.0.1 remote-as '65534'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 192.168.0.1 update-source '192.168.0.2'
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set protocols bgp 65535 address-family ipv4-unicast network '172.17.0.0/16'
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set protocols bgp 65535 parameters router-id '192.168.0.2'
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Don't forget, the CIDR declared in the network statement MUST **exist in your
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routing table (dynamic or static), the best way to make sure that is true is
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creating a static route:**
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**Node 1:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set protocols static route 172.16.0.0/16 blackhole distance '254'
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**Node 2:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set protocols static route 172.17.0.0/16 blackhole distance '254'
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IPv6
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^^^^
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A simple BGP configuration via IPv6.
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**Node 1:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 ebgp-multihop '2'
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set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 remote-as '65535'
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set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 update-source '2001:db8::1'
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set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 address-family ipv6-unicast
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set protocols bgp 65534 address-family ipv6-unicast network '2001:db8:1::/48'
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set protocols bgp 65534 parameters router-id '10.1.1.1'
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**Node 2:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 ebgp-multihop '2'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 remote-as '65534'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 update-source '2001:db8::2'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 address-family ipv6-unicast
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set protocols bgp 65535 address-family ipv6-unicast network '2001:db8:2::/48'
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set protocols bgp 65535 parameters router-id '10.1.1.2'
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Don't forget, the CIDR declared in the network statement **MUST exist in your
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routing table (dynamic or static), the best way to make sure that is true is
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creating a static route:**
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**Node 1:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set protocols static route6 2001:db8:1::/48 blackhole distance '254'
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**Node 2:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set protocols static route6 2001:db8:2::/48 blackhole distance '254'
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Route Filter
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^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Route filter can be applied using a route-map:
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**Node1:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set policy prefix-list AS65535-IN rule 10 action 'permit'
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set policy prefix-list AS65535-IN rule 10 prefix '172.16.0.0/16'
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set policy prefix-list AS65535-OUT rule 10 action 'deny'
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set policy prefix-list AS65535-OUT rule 10 prefix '172.16.0.0/16'
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set policy prefix-list6 AS65535-IN rule 10 action 'permit'
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set policy prefix-list6 AS65535-IN rule 10 prefix '2001:db8:2::/48'
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set policy prefix-list6 AS65535-OUT rule 10 action 'deny'
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set policy prefix-list6 AS65535-OUT rule 10 prefix '2001:db8:2::/48'
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set policy route-map AS65535-IN rule 10 action 'permit'
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set policy route-map AS65535-IN rule 10 match ip address prefix-list 'AS65535-IN'
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set policy route-map AS65535-IN rule 10 match ipv6 address prefix-list 'AS65535-IN'
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set policy route-map AS65535-IN rule 20 action 'deny'
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set policy route-map AS65535-OUT rule 10 action 'deny'
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set policy route-map AS65535-OUT rule 10 match ip address prefix-list 'AS65535-OUT'
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set policy route-map AS65535-OUT rule 10 match ipv6 address prefix-list 'AS65535-OUT'
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set policy route-map AS65535-OUT rule 20 action 'permit'
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set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 route-map export 'AS65535-OUT'
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set protocols bgp 65534 neighbor 2001:db8::2 route-map import 'AS65535-IN'
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**Node2:**
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.. code-block:: none
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set policy prefix-list AS65534-IN rule 10 action 'permit'
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set policy prefix-list AS65534-IN rule 10 prefix '172.17.0.0/16'
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set policy prefix-list AS65534-OUT rule 10 action 'deny'
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set policy prefix-list AS65534-OUT rule 10 prefix '172.17.0.0/16'
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set policy prefix-list6 AS65534-IN rule 10 action 'permit'
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set policy prefix-list6 AS65534-IN rule 10 prefix '2001:db8:1::/48'
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set policy prefix-list6 AS65534-OUT rule 10 action 'deny'
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set policy prefix-list6 AS65534-OUT rule 10 prefix '2001:db8:1::/48'
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set policy route-map AS65534-IN rule 10 action 'permit'
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set policy route-map AS65534-IN rule 10 match ip address prefix-list 'AS65534-IN'
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set policy route-map AS65534-IN rule 10 match ipv6 address prefix-list 'AS65534-IN'
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set policy route-map AS65534-IN rule 20 action 'deny'
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set policy route-map AS65534-OUT rule 10 action 'deny'
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set policy route-map AS65534-OUT rule 10 match ip address prefix-list 'AS65534-OUT'
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set policy route-map AS65534-OUT rule 10 match ipv6 address prefix-list 'AS65534-OUT'
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set policy route-map AS65534-OUT rule 20 action 'permit'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 route-map export 'AS65534-OUT'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 route-map import 'AS65534-IN'
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We could expand on this and also deny link local and multicast in the rule 20
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action deny.
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RPKI
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^^^^
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:abbr:`RPKI (Resource Public Key Infrastructure)` is a framework :abbr:`PKI (Public Key Infastucrure)`
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designed to secure the Internet routing insfratructure.
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It associate a BGP route announcement with the correct originating :abbr:`ASN (Autonomus System Number)` and check it validation.
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RPKI described in :rfc:`6480`. This is a separate server. You can find more details at RIPE-NNC_.
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Imported prefixes during the validation may have values: valid, invalid and notfound.
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* The valid state means that prefix and ASN that originated it match the :abbr:`ROA (Route Origination Authorizations)` base.
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* Invalid means that prefix/prefix length and ASN that originated it doesn't match with ROA.
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* Notfound means that prefix not found in ROA.
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We can build route-maps for import, based on these states.
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Simple RPKI configuration, where 'routinator' - RPKI cache server with ip '10.11.11.1'.
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.. code-block:: none
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set protocols rpki cache routinator address '10.11.11.1'
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set protocols rpki cache routinator port '3323'
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Example route-map for import. We can set local-preference logic based on states.
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Also we may not import prefixes with the state 'invalid'.
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.. code-block:: none
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set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 10 action 'permit'
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set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 10 match rpki 'valid'
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set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 10 set local-preference '300'
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set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 20 action 'permit'
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set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 20 match rpki 'notfound'
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set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 20 set local-preference '125'
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set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 30 action 'deny'
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set policy route-map ROUTES-IN rule 30 match rpki 'invalid'
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.. _RIPE-NNC: https://github.com/RIPE-NCC/rpki-validator-3/wiki
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