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ReStructuredText
311 lines
10 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _wireless-interface:
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Wireless (Wi-Fi)
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----------------
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:abbr:`WLAN (Wireless LAN)` interface provide 802.11 (a/b/g/n/ac) wireless
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support (commonly referred to as Wi-Fi) by means of compatible hardware. If your
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hardware supports it, VyOS supports multiple logical wireless interfaces per
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physical device.
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There are three modes of operation for a wireless interface:
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* :abbr:`WAP (Wireless Access-Point)` provides network access to connecting
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stations if the physical hardware supports acting as a WAP
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* A station acts as a Wi-Fi client accessing the network through an available
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WAP
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* Monitor, the system passively monitors any kind of wireless traffic
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If the system detects an unconfigured wireless device, it will be automatically
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added the configuration tree, specifying any detected settings (for example,
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its MAC address) and configured to run in monitor mode.
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To be able to use the wireless interfaces you will first need to set a
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regulatory domain with the country code of your locaion.
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.. cfcmd:: set system wifi-regulatory-domain DE
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Configure system wide Wi-Fi regulatory domain. A reboot is required for this
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change to be enabled.
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Configuring Access-Point
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The following example creates a WAP. When configuring multiple WAP interfaces,
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you must specify unique IP addresses, channels, Network IDs commonly refered
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to as :abbr:`SSID (Service Set Identifier)`, and MAC addresses.
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The WAP in this example has the following characteristics:
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* IP address ``192.0.2.1/24``
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* Network ID (SSID) ``TEST``
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* WPA passphrase ``12345678``
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* Use 802.11n protocol
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* Wireless channel ``1``
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.. code-block:: sh
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 address '192.0.2.1/24'
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 type access-point
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 channel 1
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 mode n
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 ssid 'TEST'
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa mode wpa2
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa cipher CCMP
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa passphrase '12345678'
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Resulting in
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.. code-block:: sh
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interfaces {
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[...]
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wireless wlan0 {
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address 192.0.2.1/24
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channel 1
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mode n
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security {
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wpa {
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cipher CCMP
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mode wpa2
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passphrase "12345678"
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}
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}
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ssid "TEST"
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type access-point
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}
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}
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system {
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[...]
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wifi-regulatory-domain DE
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}
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To get it to work as a access point with this configuration you will need
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to set up a DHCP server to work with that network. You can - of course - also
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bridge the Wireless interface with any configured bridge
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(:ref:`bridge-interface`) on the system.
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WPA/WPA2 enterprise
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*******************
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:abbr:`WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)` and WPA2 Enterprise in combination with
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802.1x based authentication can be used to authenticate users or computers
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in a domain.
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The wireless client (supplicant) authenticates against the RADIUS server
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(authentication server) using an :abbr:`EAP (Extensible Authentication
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Protocol)` method configured on the RADIUS server. The WAP (also referred
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to as authenticator) role is to send all authentication messages between the
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supplicant and the configured authentication server, thus the RADIUS server
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is responsible for authenticating the users.
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The WAP in this example has the following characteristics:
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* IP address ``192.0.2.1/24``
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* Network ID (SSID) ``Enterprise-TEST``
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* WPA passphrase ``12345678``
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* Use 802.11n protocol
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* Wireless channel ``1``
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* RADIUS server at ``192.0.3.10`` with shared-secret ``VyOSPassword``
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.. code-block:: sh
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 address '192.0.2.1/24'
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 type access-point
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 channel 1
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 mode n
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 ssid 'TEST'
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa mode wpa2
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa cipher CCMP
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa radius server 192.0.3.10 key 'VyOSPassword'
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa radius server 192.0.3.10 port 1812
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Resulting in
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.. code-block:: sh
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interfaces {
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[...]
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wireless wlan0 {
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address 192.0.2.1/24
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channel 1
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mode n
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security {
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wpa {
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cipher CCMP
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mode wpa2
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radius {
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server 192.0.3.10 {
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key 'VyOSPassword'
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port 1812
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}
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}
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}
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}
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ssid "Enterprise-TEST"
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type access-point
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}
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}
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system {
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[...]
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wifi-regulatory-domain DE
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}
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Configuring Wireless Station
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The example creates a wireless station (commonly referred to as Wi-Fi client)
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that accesses the network through the WAP defined in the above example. The
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default physical device (``phy0``) is used.
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.. code-block:: sh
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 type station
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 address dhcp
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 ssid Test
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set interfaces wireless wlan0 security wpa
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Resulting in
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.. code-block:: sh
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interfaces {
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[...]
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wireless wlan0 {
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address dhcp
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security {
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wpa {
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passphrase "12345678"
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}
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}
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ssid TEST
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type station
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}
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Operational Commands
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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.. opcmd:: show interfaces wireless info
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Use this command to view operational status and wireless-specific information
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about all wireless interfaces.
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.. code-block:: sh
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vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces wireless info
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Interface Type SSID Channel
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wlan0 access-point VyOS-TEST-0 1
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.. opcmd:: show interfaces wireless detail
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Use this command to view operational status and detailes wireless-specific
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information about all wireless interfaces.
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.. code-block:: sh
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vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces wireless detail
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wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:c3 brd XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:ff
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inet xxx.xxx.99.254/24 scope global wlan0
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 fe80::xxxx:xxxx:fe54:2fc3/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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66072 282 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collisions
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83413 430 0 0 0 0
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wlan1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:c3 brd XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:ff
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inet xxx.xxx.100.254/24 scope global wlan0
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 fe80::xxxx:xxxx:ffff:2ed3/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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166072 5282 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collisions
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183413 5430 0 0 0 0
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.. opcmd:: show interfaces wireless <wlanX>
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This command shows both status and statistics on the specified wireless interface.
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The wireless interface identifier can range from wlan0 to wlan999.
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.. code-block:: sh
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vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces wireless wlan0
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wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
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link/ether XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:c3 brd XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:ff
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inet xxx.xxx.99.254/24 scope global wlan0
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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inet6 fe80::xxxx:xxxx:fe54:2fc3/64 scope link
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valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
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RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
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66072 282 0 0 0 0
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TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collisions
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83413 430 0 0 0 0
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.. opcmd:: show interfaces wireless <wlanX> brief
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This command gives a brief status overview of a specified wireless interface.
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The wireless interface identifier can range from wlan0 to wlan999.
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.. code-block:: sh
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vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces wireless wlan0 brief
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Codes: S - State, L - Link, u - Up, D - Down, A - Admin Down
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Interface IP Address S/L Description
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--------- ---------- --- -----------
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wlan0 192.0.2.254/24 u/u
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.. opcmd:: show interfaces wireless <wlanX> queue
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Use this command to view wireless interface queue information.
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The wireless interface identifier can range from wlan0 to wlan999.
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.. code-block:: sh
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vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces wireless wlan0 queue
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qdisc pfifo_fast 0: root bands 3 priomap 1 2 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
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Sent 810323 bytes 6016 pkt (dropped 0, overlimits 0 requeues 0)
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rate 0bit 0pps backlog 0b 0p requeues 0
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.. opcmd:: show interfaces wireless <wlanX> scan
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This command is used to retrive information about WAP within the range of your
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wireless interface. This command is usefull on wireless interfaces configured
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in station mode.
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.. note:: Scanning is not supported on all wireless drivers and wireless
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hardware. Refer to your driver and wireless hardware documentation for
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further details.
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.. code-block:: sh
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vyos@vyos:~$ show interfaces wireless wlan0 scan
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Address SSID Channel Signal (dbm)
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00:53:3b:88:6e:d8 WLAN-576405 1 -64.00
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00:53:3b:88:6e:da Telekom_FON 1 -64.00
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00:53:00:f2:c2:a4 BabyView_F2C2A4 6 -60.00
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00:53:3b:88:6e:d6 Telekom_FON 100 -72.00
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00:53:3b:88:6e:d4 WLAN-576405 100 -71.00
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00:53:44:a4:96:ec KabelBox-4DC8 56 -81.00
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00:53:d9:7a:67:c2 WLAN-741980 1 -75.00
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00:53:7c:99:ce:76 Vodafone Homespot 1 -86.00
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00:53:44:a4:97:21 KabelBox-4DC8 1 -78.00
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00:53:44:a4:97:21 Vodafone Hotspot 1 -79.00
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00:53:44:a4:97:21 Vodafone Homespot 1 -79.00
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00:53:86:40:30:da Telekom_FON 1 -86.00
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00:53:7c:99:ce:76 Vodafone Hotspot 1 -86.00
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00:53:44:46:d2:0b Vodafone Hotspot 1 -87.00
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