ipsec: add IKEv2 road-warrior documentation

(cherry picked from commit deb4e15e51e2b5f5b281f0e17961a5c10d036bfe)
This commit is contained in:
Christian Breunig 2024-02-27 06:54:59 +01:00
parent 29d7b52c8e
commit e30e9608d6
2 changed files with 266 additions and 60 deletions

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@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
.. include:: /_include/need_improvement.txt
.. _pki:
###
PKI
###

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@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ VyOS IKE group has the next options:
***********************************************
ESP (Encapsulating Security Payload) Attributes
***********************************************
ESP is used to provide confidentiality, data origin authentication,
connectionless integrity, an anti-replay service (a form of partial sequence
integrity), and limited traffic flow confidentiality.
@ -159,15 +160,16 @@ VyOS ESP group has the next options:
***********************************************
Options (Global IPsec settings) Attributes
***********************************************
* ``options``
* ``disable-route-autoinstall`` Do not automatically install routes to remote networks;
* ``flexvpn`` Allow FlexVPN vendor ID payload (IKEv2 only). Send the Cisco FlexVPN vendor ID payload (IKEv2 only), which is required in order to make Cisco brand devices allow negotiating a local traffic selector (from strongSwan's point of view) that is not the assigned virtual IP address if such an address is requested by strongSwan. Sending the Cisco FlexVPN vendor ID prevents the peer from narrowing the initiator's local traffic selector and allows it to e.g. negotiate a TS of 0.0.0.0/0 == 0.0.0.0/0 instead. This has been tested with a "tunnel mode ipsec ipv4" Cisco template but should also work for GRE encapsulation;
* ``flexvpn`` Allows FlexVPN vendor ID payload (IKEv2 only). Send the Cisco FlexVPN vendor ID payload (IKEv2 only), which is required in order to make Cisco brand devices allow negotiating a local traffic selector (from strongSwan's point of view) that is not the assigned virtual IP address if such an address is requested by strongSwan. Sending the Cisco FlexVPN vendor ID prevents the peer from narrowing the initiator's local traffic selector and allows it to e.g. negotiate a TS of 0.0.0.0/0 == 0.0.0.0/0 instead. This has been tested with a "tunnel mode ipsec ipv4" Cisco template but should also work for GRE encapsulation;
* ``interface`` Interface Name to use. The name of the interface on which virtual IP addresses should be installed. If not specified the addresses will be installed on the outbound interface;
* ``virtual-ip`` Allow install virtual-ip addresses. Comma separated list of virtual IPs to request in IKEv2 configuration payloads or IKEv1 Mode Config. The wildcard addresses 0.0.0.0 and :: request an arbitrary address, specific addresses may be defined. The responder may return a different address, though, or none at all.
* ``virtual-ip`` Allows to install virtual-ip addresses. Comma separated list of virtual IPs to request in IKEv2 configuration payloads or IKEv1 Mode Config. The wildcard addresses 0.0.0.0 and :: request an arbitrary address, specific addresses may be defined. The responder may return a different address, though, or none at all. Define the ``virtual-address`` option to configure the IP address in site-to-site hierarchy.
*************************
IPsec policy matching GRE
@ -363,3 +365,205 @@ On the RIGHT (dynamic address):
set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT remote-address 192.0.2.10
set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT tunnel 1 local prefix 192.168.99.2/32 # Additional loopback address on the local
set vpn ipsec site-to-site peer LEFT tunnel 1 remote prefix 192.168.99.1/32 # Additional loopback address on the remote
*******************************************
IKEv2 IPSec road-warriors remote-access VPN
*******************************************
Internet Key Exchange version 2, IKEv2 for short, is a request/response
protocol developed by both Cisco and Microsoft. It is used to establish
and secure IPv4/IPv6 connections, be it a site-to-site VPN or from a
road-warrior connecting to a hub site. IKEv2, when run in point-to-multipoint,
or remote-access/road-warrior mode, secures the server-side with another layer
by using an x509 signed server certificate.
Key exchange and payload encryption is still done using IKE and ESP proposals
as known from IKEv1 but the connections are faster to establish, more reliable,
and also support roaming from IP to IP (called MOBIKE which makes sure your
connection does not drop when changing networks from e.g. WIFI to LTE and back).
This feature closely works together with :ref:`pki` subsystem as you required
a x509 certificate.
Example
=======
This example uses CACert as certificate authority.
.. code-block::
set pki ca CAcert_Class_3_Root certificate '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'
set pki ca CAcert_Signing_Authority certificate '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'
After you obtained your server certificate you can import it from a file
on the local filesystem, or paste it into the CLI. Please note that
when entering the certificate manually you need to strip the
``-----BEGIN KEY-----`` and ``-----END KEY-----`` tags. Also, the certificate
or key needs to be presented in a single line without line breaks (``\n``).
To import it from the filesystem use:
.. code-block::
import pki certificate <name> file /path/to/cert.pem
In our example the certificate name is called vyos:
.. code-block::
set pki certificate vyos certificate 'MIIE45s...'
set pki certificate vyos private key 'MIIEvgI...'
After the PKI certs are all set up we can start configuring our IPSec/IKE
proposals used for key-exchange end data encryption. The used encryption
ciphers and integrity algorithms vary from operating system to operating
system. The ones used in this post are validated to work on both Windows 10
and iOS/iPadOS 14 to 17.
.. code-block::
set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW compression 'disable'
set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW lifetime '3600'
set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW pfs 'disable'
set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW proposal 10 encryption 'aes128gcm128'
set vpn ipsec esp-group ESP-RW proposal 10 hash 'sha256'
set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW key-exchange 'ikev2'
set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW lifetime '7200'
set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW mobike 'enable'
set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW proposal 10 dh-group '14'
set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW proposal 10 encryption 'aes128gcm128'
set vpn ipsec ike-group IKE-RW proposal 10 hash 'sha256'
Every connection/remote-access pool we configure also needs a pool where
we can draw our client IP addresses from. We provide one IPv4 and IPv6 pool.
Authorized clients will receive an IPv4 address from the 192.0.2.128/25 prefix
and an IPv6 address from the 2001:db8:2000::/64 prefix. We can also send some
DNS nameservers down to our clients used on their connection.
.. code-block::
set vpn ipsec remote-access pool ra-rw-ipv4 name-server '192.0.2.1'
set vpn ipsec remote-access pool ra-rw-ipv4 prefix '192.0.2.128/25'
set vpn ipsec remote-access pool ra-rw-ipv6 name-server '2001:db8:1000::1'
set vpn ipsec remote-access pool ra-rw-ipv6 prefix '2001:db8:2000::/64'
VyOS supports multiple IKEv2 remote-access connections. Every connection can
have its dedicated IKE/ESP ciphers, certificates or local listen address for
e.g. inbound load balancing.
We configure a new connection named ``rw`` for road-warrior, that identifies
itself as ``192.0.2.1`` to the clients and uses the ``vyos`` certificate
signed by the `CAcert_Class3_Root`` intermediate CA. We select our previously
specified IKE/ESP groups and also link the IP address pool to draw addresses
from.
.. code-block::
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication id '192.0.2.1'
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication server-mode 'x509'
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication x509 ca-certificate 'CAcert_Class_3_Root'
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication x509 certificate 'vyos'
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw esp-group 'ESP-RW'
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw ike-group 'IKE-RW'
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw local-address '192.0.2.1'
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw pool 'ra-rw-ipv4'
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw pool 'ra-rw-ipv6'
VyOS also supports (currently) two different modes of authentication, local and
RADIUS. To create a new local user named ``vyos`` with password ``vyos`` use the
following commands.
.. code-block::
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication client-mode 'eap-mschapv2'
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication local-users username vyos password 'vyos'
If you feel better forwarding all authentication requests to your enterprises
RADIUS server, use the commands below.
.. code-block::
set vpn ipsec remote-access connection rw authentication client-mode 'eap-radius'
set vpn ipsec remote-access radius server 192.0.2.2 key 'secret'
Client Configuration
====================
Configuring VyOS to act as your IPSec access concentrator is one thing, but
you probably need to setup your client connecting to the server so they can
talk to the IPSec gateway.
Microsoft Windows (10+)
-----------------------
Windows 10 does not allow a user to choose the integrity and encryption ciphers
using the GUI and it uses some older proposals by default. A user can only
change the proposals on the client side by configuring the IPSec connection
profile via PowerShell.
We generate a connection profile used by Windows clients that will connect to
the "rw" connection on our VyOS server on the VPN servers IP address/fqdn
`vpn.vyos.net`.
.. note:: Microsoft Windows expects the server name to be also used in the
server's certificate common name, so it's best to use this DNS name for
your VPN connection.
.. code-block::
vyos@vyos:~$ generate ipsec profile windows-remote-access rw remote vpn.vyos.net
==== <snip> ====
Add-VpnConnection -Name "VyOS IKEv2 VPN" -ServerAddress "vpn.vyos.net" -TunnelType "Ikev2"
Set-VpnConnectionIPsecConfiguration -ConnectionName "VyOS IKEv2 VPN" -AuthenticationTransformConstants GCMAES128 -CipherTransformConstants GCMAES128 -EncryptionMethod GCMAES128 -IntegrityCheckMethod SHA256128 -PfsGroup None -DHGroup "Group14" -PassThru -Force
==== </snip> ====
As both Microsoft Windows and Apple iOS/iPadOS only support a certain set of
encryption ciphers and integrity algorithms we will validate the configured
IKE/ESP proposals and only list the compatible ones to the user — if multiple
are defined. If there are no matching proposals found — we can not generate a
profile for you.
When first connecting to the new VPN the user is prompted to enter proper
credentials.
Apple iOS/iPadOS (14.2+)
------------------------
Like on Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS/iPadOS out of the box does not expose
all available VPN options via the device GUI.
If you want, need, and should use more advanced encryption ciphers (default
is still 3DES) you need to provision your device using a so-called "Device
Profile". A profile is a simple text file containing XML nodes with a
``.mobileconfig`` file extension that can be sent and opened on any device
from an E-Mail.
Profile generation happens from the operational level and is as simple as
issuing the following command to create a profile to connect to the IKEv2
access server at ``vpn.vyos.net`` with the configuration for the ``rw``
remote-access connection group.
.. note:: Apple iOS/iPadOS expects the server name to be also used in the
server's certificate common name, so it's best to use this DNS name for
your VPN connection.
.. code-block::
vyos@vyos:~$ generate ipsec profile ios-remote-access rw remote vpn.vyos.net
==== <snip> ====
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
...
</plist>
==== </snip> ====
In the end, an XML structure is generated which can be saved as
``vyos.mobileconfig`` and sent to the device by E-Mail where it later can
be imported.
During profile import, the user is asked to enter its IPSec credentials
(username and password) which is stored on the mobile.