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[L2TP] - T1544: l2tp documentation

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docs/vpn/index.rst
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@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ This chapter descriptes the available VPN services provided by VyOS.
:hidden:
openvpn
l2tp_ipsec
l2tp
site2site_ipsec
l2tp_ipsec
gre-ipsec
dmvpn
pptp

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.. _l2tp:
L2TP
-----------
VyOS utilizes accel-ppp_ to provide SSTP server functionality. It can be used with local authentication or a connected RADIUS server.
L2TP over IPsec
===============
Example for configuring a simple L2TP over IPsec VPN for remote access (works
with native Windows and Mac VPN clients):
.. code-block:: sh
set vpn ipsec ipsec-interfaces interface eth0
set vpn ipsec nat-traversal enable
set vpn ipsec nat-networks allowed-network 0.0.0.0/0
set vpn l2tp remote-access outside-address 192.0.2.2
set vpn l2tp remote-access outside-nexthop 192.168.255.1
set vpn l2tp remote-access client-ip-pool start 192.168.255.2
set vpn l2tp remote-access client-ip-pool stop 192.168.255.254
set vpn l2tp remote-access ipsec-settings authentication mode pre-shared-secret
set vpn l2tp remote-access ipsec-settings authentication pre-shared-secret <secret>
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication mode local
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication local-users username test password 'test'
In the example above an external IP of 192.0.2.2 is assumed. Nexthop IP address 192.168.255.1 uses as client tunnel termination point.
If a local firewall policy is in place on your external interface you will need
to allow the ports below:
* UDP port 500 (IKE)
* IP protocol number 50 (ESP)
* UDP port 1701 for IPsec
As well as the below to allow NAT-traversal:
* UDP port 4500 (NAT-T)
Example:
.. code-block:: sh
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 40 action 'accept'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 40 protocol 'esp'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 41 action 'accept'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 41 destination port '500'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 41 protocol 'udp'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 42 action 'accept'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 42 destination port '4500'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 42 protocol 'udp'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 43 action 'accept'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 43 destination port '1701'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 43 ipsec 'match-ipsec'
set firewall name OUTSIDE-LOCAL rule 43 protocol 'udp'
To allow VPN-clients access via your external address, a NAT rule is required:
.. code-block:: sh
set nat source rule 110 outbound-interface 'eth0'
set nat source rule 110 source address '192.168.255.0/24'
set nat source rule 110 translation address masquerade
VPN-clients will request configuration parameters, optionally you can DNS parameter to the client.
.. code-block:: sh
set vpn l2tp remote-access dns-servers server-1 '8.8.8.8'
set vpn l2tp remote-access dns-servers server-2 '8.8.4.4'
.. note:: Those are the `Google public DNS`_ servers. You can also use the
public available servers from Quad9_ (9.9.9.9) or Cloudflare_ (1.1.1.1).
Established sessions can be viewed using the **show vpn remote-access**
operational command, or **show l2tp-server sessions**
.. code-block:: sh
vyos@vyos:~$ show vpn remote-access
ifname | username | calling-sid | ip | rate-limit | type | comp | state | uptime
--------+----------+--------------+---------------+------------+------+------+--------+----------
ppp0 | vyos | 192.168.0.36 | 192.168.255.1 | | l2tp | | active | 00:06:13
LNS (L2TP Network Server)
=========================
LNS are often used to connect to a LAC (L2TP Access Concentrator).
Below is an example to configure a LNS:
.. code-block:: sh
set vpn l2tp remote-access outside-address 192.0.2.2
set vpn l2tp remote-access outside-nexthop 192.168.255.1
set vpn l2tp remote-access client-ip-pool start 192.168.255.2
set vpn l2tp remote-access client-ip-pool stop 192.168.255.254
set vpn l2tp remote-access lns shared-secret 'secret'
set vpn l2tp remote-access ccp-disable
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication mode local
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication local-users username test password 'test'
The example above uses 192.0.2.2 as external IP address, the nexthop is supposed to be 192.168.255.1 and is used as client termination point.
A LAC normally requires an authentication password, which is set in the example configuration to ``lns shared-secret 'secret'``.
This setup requires the Compression Control Protocol (CCP) being disabled, the command ``set vpn l2tp remote-access ccp-disable`` accomplishes that.
Bandwidth Shaping
=================
Bandwidth rate limits can be set for local users or via RADIUS based attributes.
Bandwidth Shaping for local users
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
The rate-limit is set in kbit/sec.
.. code-block:: sh
set vpn l2tp remote-access outside-address 192.0.2.2
set vpn l2tp remote-access outside-nexthop 192.168.255.1
set vpn l2tp remote-access client-ip-pool start 192.168.255.2
set vpn l2tp remote-access client-ip-pool stop 192.168.255.254
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication mode local
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication local-users username test password test
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication local-users username test rate-limit download 20480
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication local-users username test rate-limit upload 10240
vyos@vyos:~$ show vpn remote-access
ifname | username | calling-sid | ip | rate-limit | type | comp | state | uptime
-------+----------+--------------+---------------+-------------+------+------+--------+-----------
ppp0 | test | 192.168.0.36 | 192.168.255.2 | 20480/10240 | l2tp | | active | 00:06:30
RADIUS authentication
======================
To enable RADIUS based authentication, the authentication mode needs to be changed withing the configuration.
Previous settings like the local users, still exists within the configuration, however they are not used if the mode
has been changed from local to radius. Once changed back to local, it will use all local accounts again.
.. code-block:: sh
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication mode <local|radius>
Since the RADIUS server would be a single point of failure, multiple RADIUS server can be setup and will be used subsequentially.
.. code-block:: sh
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication radius server 10.0.0.1 key 'foo'
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication radius server 10.0.0.2 key 'foo'
.. note:: Some RADIUS_ severs use an access control list which allows or denies queries,
make sure to add your VyOS router to the allowed client list.
RADIUS source address
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
If you are using OSPF as IGP always the closets interface connected to the RADIUS
server is used. With VyOS 1.2 you can bind all outgoing RADIUS requests to a
single source IP e.g. the loopback interface.
.. code-block:: sh
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication radius source-address 10.0.0.3
Above command will use `10.0.0.3` as source IPv4 address for all RADIUS queries
on this NAS.
.. note::
The ``source-address`` must be configured on one of VyOS interface.
RADIUS bandwidth shaping attribute
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
To enable bandwidth shaping via RADIUS, the option rate-limit needs to be enabled.
.. code-block:: sh
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication radius rate-limit enable
The default RADIUS attribute for rate limiting is ``Filter-Id``, but you may also redefine it.
.. code-block:: sh
set vpn l2tp remote-access authentication radius rate-limit attribute Download-Speed
.. note:: If you set a custom RADIUS attribute you must define it on both dictionaries at RADIUS server and client, which is the vyos router in our example.
The RADIUS dictionaries in VyOS are located at ``/usr/share/accel-ppp/radius/``
RADIUS advanced features
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Received RADIUS attributes have a higher priority than parameters defined withm the cli configuration, refer to the explanation below.
Allocation clients ip addresses by RADIUS
*****************************************
If the RADIUS server sends the attribute ``Framed-IP-Address`` then this IP address will be allocated to the client and the option ip-pool within the cli config is being ignored.
Renaming clients interfaces by RADIUS
*************************************
If the RADIUS server uses the attribute ``NAS-Port-Id``, ppp tunnels will be renamed.
.. note:: The value of the attribute ``NAS-Port-Id`` must be less than 16 characters, otherwise the interface won't be renamed.
.. _`Google Public DNS`: https://developers.google.com/speed/public-dns
.. _Quad9: https://quad9.net
.. _CloudFlare: https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-1111
.. _RADIUS: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RADIUS
.. _FreeRADIUS: https://freeradius.org
.. _`Network Policy Server`: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_Policy_Server
.. _accel-ppp: https://accel-ppp.org/