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Reformat chapter #6, use 72/80 character newline
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Routing
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Routing
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=======
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=======
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VyOS is a "router first" network operating system. It supports static routing, policy routing, and dynamic routing using standard protocols (RIP, OSPF, and BGP).
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VyOS is a "router first" network operating system. It supports static routing,
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policy routing, and dynamic routing using standard protocols (RIP, OSPF, and
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BGP).
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Static
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Static
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------
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------
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Static routes are manually configured network routes.
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Static routes are manually configured network routes.
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A typical use for a static route is a static default route for systems that do not make use of DHCP or dynamic routing protocols:
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A typical use for a static route is a static default route for systems that do
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not make use of DHCP or dynamic routing protocols:
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.. code-block:: sh
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.. code-block:: sh
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set protocols static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 10.1.1.1 distance '1'
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set protocols static route 0.0.0.0/0 next-hop 10.1.1.1 distance '1'
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Another common use of static routes is to blackhole (drop) traffic.
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Another common use of static routes is to blackhole (drop) traffic. In the
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In the example below, RFC 1918 private IP networks are set as blackhole routes.
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example below, RFC 1918 private IP networks are set as blackhole routes. This
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This does not prevent networks within these segments from being used, since the most specific route is always used.
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does not prevent networks within these segments from being used, since the
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It does, however, prevent traffic to unknown private networks from leaving the router. Commonly refereed to as leaking.
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most specific route is always used. It does, however, prevent traffic to
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unknown private networks from leaving the router. Commonly refereed to as
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leaking.
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.. code-block:: sh
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.. code-block:: sh
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@ -25,14 +30,15 @@ It does, however, prevent traffic to unknown private networks from leaving the r
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set protocols static route 172.16.0.0/12 blackhole distance '254'
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set protocols static route 172.16.0.0/12 blackhole distance '254'
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set protocols static route 192.168.0.0/16 blackhole distance '254'
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set protocols static route 192.168.0.0/16 blackhole distance '254'
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Note that routes with a distance of 255 are effectively disabled and not installed into the kernel.
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Note that routes with a distance of 255 are effectively disabled and not
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installed into the kernel.
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RIP
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RIP
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---
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---
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Simple RIP configuration using 2 nodes and redistributing connected interfaces.
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Simple RIP configuration using 2 nodes and redistributing connected interfaces.
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**Node 1:**
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**Node 1:**
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.. code-block:: sh
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.. code-block:: sh
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@ -54,7 +60,8 @@ OSPF
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IPv4
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IPv4
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^^^^
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^^^^
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A typical configuration using 2 nodes, redistribute loopback address and the node 1 sending the default route:
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A typical configuration using 2 nodes, redistribute loopback address and the
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node 1 sending the default route:
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**Node 1:**
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**Node 1:**
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@ -139,7 +146,9 @@ A simple eBGP configuration:
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set protocols bgp 65535 parameters router-id '192.168.0.2'
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set protocols bgp 65535 parameters router-id '192.168.0.2'
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Don't forget, the CIDR declared in the network statement MUST **exist in your routing table (dynamic or static), the best way to make sure that is true is creating a static route:**
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Don't forget, the CIDR declared in the network statement MUST **exist in your
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routing table (dynamic or static), the best way to make sure that is true is
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creating a static route:**
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**Node 1:**
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**Node 1:**
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@ -181,8 +190,9 @@ A simple BGP configuration via IPv6.
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set protocols bgp 65535 address-family ipv6-unicast network '2001:db8:2::/48'
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set protocols bgp 65535 address-family ipv6-unicast network '2001:db8:2::/48'
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set protocols bgp 65535 parameters router-id '10.1.1.2'
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set protocols bgp 65535 parameters router-id '10.1.1.2'
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Don't forget, the CIDR declared in the network statement **MUST exist in your
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Don't forget, the CIDR declared in the network statement **MUST exist in your routing table (dynamic or static), the best way to make sure that is true is creating a static route:**
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routing table (dynamic or static), the best way to make sure that is true is
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creating a static route:**
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**Node 1:**
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**Node 1:**
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@ -247,14 +257,18 @@ Route filter can be applied using a route-map:
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 route-map export 'AS65534-OUT'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 route-map export 'AS65534-OUT'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 route-map import 'AS65534-IN'
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set protocols bgp 65535 neighbor 2001:db8::1 route-map import 'AS65534-IN'
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We could expand on this and also deny link local and multicast in the rule 20 action deny.
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We could expand on this and also deny link local and multicast in the rule 20
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action deny.
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Policy Routing
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Policy Routing
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==============
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==============
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VyOS supports Policy Routing, allowing traffic to be assigned to a different routing table. Traffic can be matched using standard 5-tuple matching (source address, destination address, protocol, source port, destination port).
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VyOS supports Policy Routing, allowing traffic to be assigned to a different
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routing table. Traffic can be matched using standard 5-tuple matching (source
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address, destination address, protocol, source port, destination port).
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The following example will show how VyOS can be used to redirect web traffic to an external transparent proxy:
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The following example will show how VyOS can be used to redirect web traffic to
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an external transparent proxy:
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.. code-block:: sh
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.. code-block:: sh
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@ -262,9 +276,12 @@ The following example will show how VyOS can be used to redirect web traffic to
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set policy route FILTER-WEB rule 1000 protocol tcp
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set policy route FILTER-WEB rule 1000 protocol tcp
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set policy route FILTER-WEB rule 1000 set table 100
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set policy route FILTER-WEB rule 1000 set table 100
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This creates a route policy called FILTER-WEB with one rule to set the routing table for matching traffic (TCP port 80) to table ID 100 instead of the default routing table.
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This creates a route policy called FILTER-WEB with one rule to set the routing
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table for matching traffic (TCP port 80) to table ID 100 instead of the
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default routing table.
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To create routing table 100 and add a new default gateway to be used by traffic matching our route policy:
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To create routing table 100 and add a new default gateway to be used by
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traffic matching our route policy:
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.. code-block:: sh
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.. code-block:: sh
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@ -272,12 +289,18 @@ To create routing table 100 and add a new default gateway to be used by traffic
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This can be confirmed using the show ip route table 100 operational command.
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This can be confirmed using the show ip route table 100 operational command.
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Finally, to apply the policy route to ingress traffic on our LAN interface, we use:
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Finally, to apply the policy route to ingress traffic on our LAN interface,
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we use:
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.. code-block:: sh
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.. code-block:: sh
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set interfaces ethernet eth1 policy route FILTER-WEB
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set interfaces ethernet eth1 policy route FILTER-WEB
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The route policy functionality in VyOS can also be used to rewrite TCP MSS using the set policy route <name> rule <rule> set tcp-mss <value> directive, modify DSCP value using [...] set dscp <value>, or mark the traffic with an internal ID using [...] set mark <value> for further processing (e.g. QOS) on a per-rule basis for matching traffic.
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The route policy functionality in VyOS can also be used to rewrite TCP MSS
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using the set policy route <name> rule <rule> `set tcp-mss <value>` directive,
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modify DSCP value using `set dscp <value>`, or mark the traffic with an
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internal ID using `set mark <value>` for further processing (e.g. QOS) on a
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per-rule basis for matching traffic.
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In addition to 5-tuple matching, additional options such as time-based rules, are available. See the built-in help for a complete list of options.
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In addition to 5-tuple matching, additional options such as time-based rules,
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are available. See the built-in help for a complete list of options.
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